Considerations regarding relationship between tourists satisfaction and destination loyalty
Abstract
This study analyse the relationship between tourists satisfaction with destination loyalty in Alba County. The research is based on data collected from a market research contract in the tourism sector in Alba County and the period submitted for analysis is 2013 – 2015, when there have been identified 365 tourists. Regarding the methodology, one can notice that into Equation Estimation, Least Squares Options, we selected “White” for Coefficient covariance matrix. Also, we pointed out Standard deviation for Type weights options, and for Weighted series we selected Log(Expenditure). According to log-log regression model estimation output, 18 predictors determined a decrease (i.e. almost 55% from total predictors) and 15 independent variables determined an increase in the tourists’ number of visits. In terms of the dichotomous variables related to tourist satisfaction, it was highlighted that ten of exogenous cause a positive reaction in Number of Visits and ten of them a negative one. The elasticity of Number of Visits with respect to Log(Expenditure) is about -0.0959, suggesting that if the level of expenditure goes up by 10 percent, on average, the tourists’ number of visits goes down by about 1 percent. Thus, Number of Visits is very responsive to changes both variables related to tourist satisfaction and in personal tourist’s expenditure.
References
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ASSAF A., BARROS C. P., MACHADO L. P. (2013), Covariates of repeat tourism, Tourism Economics, vol. 19, 3: pp. 531–542.
BOWEN D. (2001), Antecedents of consumer satisfaction and dis-satisfaction (CS/D) on long-haul inclusive tours – a reality check on theoretical considerations, Tourism Management, Vol 22, No 1, pp. 49–61.
CAMPO-MARTÍNEZ S., GARAU-VADELL J. B. (2010), The Generation of Tourism Destination Satisfaction, Tourism Economics, vol. 16, 3: pp. 461–475.
CANEEN J. M. (2003), Cultural determinants of tourist intention to return, Tourism Analysis, Vol 8, No 2/4, pp. 237–242.
CHEN C. F., TSAY D.C. (2007), How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioural intentions?, Tourism Management, Vol 28, No 4, pp. 1115–1122.
CHI G. Q. C., QU H.L. (2008), Examining the structural relationship of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: an integrated approach, Tourism Management, Vol 29, No 4, pp. 624–636.
COHEN S. A., PRAYAG G., MOITAL M. (2014),Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities, Current Issues in Tourism, 17(10), 872–909.
CORREIA A., OLIVEIRA N., BUTLER R. (2008), First-Time and Repeat Visitors to Cape Verde: The Overall Image, Tourism Economics, vol. 14, 1: pp. 185–203.
CORREIA A., ZINS A. H., SILVA F. (2015), Why Do Tourists Persist in Visiting the Same D CROMPTON J. L., ANKOMAH P. K. (1993), Choice set propositions in destination decisions, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 20, No 3, pp. 461–476.
DUNN ROSS E. L., ISO-AHOLA S. E. (1991), Sightseeing tourists motivation and satisfaction, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 18, No 2, pp. 226–237.
EFRON B. (1982), The jackknife, the bootstrap and other resampling plans. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA.
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EViews 7 User’s Guide II, (2010). Chapter 35, Pooled Time Series, Cross-Section Data; Generalized Least Squares; Robust Coefficient Covariances Quantitative Micro Software, LLC, USA.
GREINER R., ROLFE J. (2004), Estimating Consumer Surplus and Elasticity of Demand of Tourist Visitation to a Region in North Queensland Using Contingent Valuation, Tourism Economics, vol. 10, 3: pp. 317–328.
HINKLEY D. V. (1977), Jackknifing in Unbalanced Situations. Technometrics, 19(3), 285–292.
HORN S. D., HORN R. A., DUNCAN D. B. (1975), Estimating heteroscedastic variances in linear model, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 70, 380–385.
HONG S. K., LEE S. W., LEE S., JANG H. (2009), Selecting revisited destinations, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 36, No 2, pp. 268–294.
KOZAK M., RIMMINGTON M. (2000), Tourist satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, as an off-season holiday destination, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 38, 260–269.
KOZAK M. (2001), Repeaters’ behavior at two distinct destinations, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 28, No 3, pp. 784–807.
KRISHNAMURTHI L., PAPATLA P. (2003), Accounting for Heterogeneity and Dynamics in the Loyalty-Price Sensitivity Relationship. Journal of Retailing, 79: 121–35.
LI M., CAI L. A. (2012), The effects of personal values on travel motivation and behavioural intention. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 473–487.
LIM C. (1997) Review of International Tourism Demand Models, Annals of Tourism Research, 24 (4), pp. 835–849.
LEDESMA F. J., NAVARRO M., PÉREZ-RODRÍGUEZ J. V. (2005), Return to tourist destination. It is reputation after all?, Applied Economics, Vol 37, No 18, pp. 2055–2065.
MILMAN A., PIZAM A. (1995), The role of awareness and familiarity with a destination: the Central Florida case, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 33, No 3, pp. 21–27.
MacKINNON, WHITE (1985), Some heteroskedasticity consistent covariance matrix estimators with improved finite sample properties, Journal of Econometrics, 29, 305–325.
MONIZ A. I. (2012), A dynamic analysis of repeat visitors, Tourism Economics, Vol. 18 (3), 505–517.
NEUTS B., ROMÃO J., VAN LEEUWEN E., NIJKAMP P. (2013), Describing the Relationships between Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty in a Segmented and Digitalized Market, Tourism Economics, vol. 19, 5: pp. 987–1004.
NERG A. et al. (2012), Visits to national parks and hiking areas: a panel data analysis of their sociodemographic, economic and site quality determinants, Tourism Economics, 2012, 18 (1), 77–93.estination?, Tourism Economics, vol. 21, 1, pp. 205–221.
OH H. (1999), Service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer value: a holistic perspective, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol 18, No 1, pp. 67–82.
OLIVEIRA P., PEREIRA P. T. (2008), Who Values What in a Tourism Destination? The Case of Madeira Island, Tourism Economics, vol. 14, 1: pp. 155–168.
OPPERMANN M. (1997), First-time and repeat visitors to New Zealand, Tourism Management, Vol 18, No 3, pp. 177–181.
OPPERMANN M. (1998), Destination threshold potential and the law of repeat visitation, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 37, No 2, pp. 131–137.
OPPERMANN M. (1999), Predicting Destination Choice: A Discussion of Destination Loyalty. Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol. 5, 51–65.
OPPERMANN M. (2000), Tourism destination loyalty, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 39, No 1, pp. 78–84.
PATUELLI R., NIJKAMP P. (2016), Travel motivations of seniors A review and a metaanalytical assessment, Tourism Economics, vol. 22, 4: pp. 847–862.
PETRICK J. F. (2004), Are loyal visitors desired visitors?, Tourism Management, Vol 25, No 4, pp. 463–470.
QUINTAL V., LEE J., SOUTAR G. (2010), Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behavior: A tourism example. Tourism Management, 31, 797–805.
RANDRIAMBOARISON R., RASOAMANAJARA F., SOLONANDRASANA B. (2013), Tourism Return Frequency Demand in Madagascar, Tourism Economics, vol. 19, 4: pp. 943–958.
SCOTT LONG J. S., ERVIN L. H. (1998), Correcting for Heteroscedasticity with Heteroscedasticity Consistent Standard Errors in the Linear Regression Model: Small
Sample Considerations, Working Paper, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, September 23, 5–6.
SPIGGLE S., SEWALL M. A. (1987), A choice sets model of retail selection, The Journal of Marketing, Vol 51, No 2, pp. 97–111.
TAYLOR S. A., BAKER T. L. (1994), An assessment of the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in the formation of customers’ purchase intentions’, Journal of Retailing, Vol 70, No 2, pp. 163–178.
UM S., CHON K., RO Y. (2006), Antecedents of revisit intention, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 33, No 4, pp. 1141–1158.
WEAVER P. A., MCCLEARY K. W., LAPISTO L., DAMONTE L. T. (1994), The relationship of destination selection attributes to psychological, behavioral and demographic variables, Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, Vol 2, No 2, pp. 93–109.
WEAVER P. A., WEBER K., MCCLEARY K. W. (2007), Destination evaluation: the role of previous travel experience and trip characteristics, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 45, No 3, pp. 333–344.
WHITE H. (1980), A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity. Econometrica, Vol. 48(4), 817–838.
YOON Y., UYSAL M. (2005), An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model, Tourism Management, Vol 26, No 1, pp. 45–56.
ZEITHAML V. A., BERRY L. L., PARASURAMAN A. (1996), The behavioral consequences of service quality, The Journal of Marketing, Vol 60, No 2, pp. 31–46.
ZHOU BO, YANG BI, LI HENGYUN, QU HAILIN (2016), The spillover effect of attractions Evidence from Eastern China, Tourism Economics.
ASSAF A., BARROS C. P., MACHADO L. P. (2013), Covariates of repeat tourism, Tourism Economics, vol. 19, 3: pp. 531–542.
BOWEN D. (2001), Antecedents of consumer satisfaction and dis-satisfaction (CS/D) on long-haul inclusive tours – a reality check on theoretical considerations, Tourism Management, Vol 22, No 1, pp. 49–61.
CAMPO-MARTÍNEZ S., GARAU-VADELL J. B. (2010), The Generation of Tourism Destination Satisfaction, Tourism Economics, vol. 16, 3: pp. 461–475.
CANEEN J. M. (2003), Cultural determinants of tourist intention to return, Tourism Analysis, Vol 8, No 2/4, pp. 237–242.
CHEN C. F., TSAY D.C. (2007), How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioural intentions?, Tourism Management, Vol 28, No 4, pp. 1115–1122.
CHI G. Q. C., QU H.L. (2008), Examining the structural relationship of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: an integrated approach, Tourism Management, Vol 29, No 4, pp. 624–636.
COHEN S. A., PRAYAG G., MOITAL M. (2014),Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities, Current Issues in Tourism, 17(10), 872–909.
CORREIA A., OLIVEIRA N., BUTLER R. (2008), First-Time and Repeat Visitors to Cape Verde: The Overall Image, Tourism Economics, vol. 14, 1: pp. 185–203.
CORREIA A., ZINS A. H., SILVA F. (2015), Why Do Tourists Persist in Visiting the Same D CROMPTON J. L., ANKOMAH P. K. (1993), Choice set propositions in destination decisions, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 20, No 3, pp. 461–476.
DUNN ROSS E. L., ISO-AHOLA S. E. (1991), Sightseeing tourists motivation and satisfaction, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 18, No 2, pp. 226–237.
EFRON B. (1982), The jackknife, the bootstrap and other resampling plans. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA.
EMINESCU M. (1868). Manuscript No. 2257, Prose Lyrics, Notes, Economic Articles, Proverbs, and Translations from Goethe and Machiavelli, Romanian Academy Library, Listing order 2524/11.02.2003, Treasury, București, România.
EViews 7 User’s Guide II, (2010). Chapter 35, Pooled Time Series, Cross-Section Data; Generalized Least Squares; Robust Coefficient Covariances Quantitative Micro Software, LLC, USA.
GREINER R., ROLFE J. (2004), Estimating Consumer Surplus and Elasticity of Demand of Tourist Visitation to a Region in North Queensland Using Contingent Valuation, Tourism Economics, vol. 10, 3: pp. 317–328.
HINKLEY D. V. (1977), Jackknifing in Unbalanced Situations. Technometrics, 19(3), 285–292.
HORN S. D., HORN R. A., DUNCAN D. B. (1975), Estimating heteroscedastic variances in linear model, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 70, 380–385.
HONG S. K., LEE S. W., LEE S., JANG H. (2009), Selecting revisited destinations, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 36, No 2, pp. 268–294.
KOZAK M., RIMMINGTON M. (2000), Tourist satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, as an off-season holiday destination, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 38, 260–269.
KOZAK M. (2001), Repeaters’ behavior at two distinct destinations, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 28, No 3, pp. 784–807.
KRISHNAMURTHI L., PAPATLA P. (2003), Accounting for Heterogeneity and Dynamics in the Loyalty-Price Sensitivity Relationship. Journal of Retailing, 79: 121–35.
LI M., CAI L. A. (2012), The effects of personal values on travel motivation and behavioural intention. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 473–487.
LIM C. (1997) Review of International Tourism Demand Models, Annals of Tourism Research, 24 (4), pp. 835–849.
LEDESMA F. J., NAVARRO M., PÉREZ-RODRÍGUEZ J. V. (2005), Return to tourist destination. It is reputation after all?, Applied Economics, Vol 37, No 18, pp. 2055–2065.
MILMAN A., PIZAM A. (1995), The role of awareness and familiarity with a destination: the Central Florida case, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 33, No 3, pp. 21–27.
MacKINNON, WHITE (1985), Some heteroskedasticity consistent covariance matrix estimators with improved finite sample properties, Journal of Econometrics, 29, 305–325.
MONIZ A. I. (2012), A dynamic analysis of repeat visitors, Tourism Economics, Vol. 18 (3), 505–517.
NEUTS B., ROMÃO J., VAN LEEUWEN E., NIJKAMP P. (2013), Describing the Relationships between Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty in a Segmented and Digitalized Market, Tourism Economics, vol. 19, 5: pp. 987–1004.
NERG A. et al. (2012), Visits to national parks and hiking areas: a panel data analysis of their sociodemographic, economic and site quality determinants, Tourism Economics, 2012, 18 (1), 77–93.estination?, Tourism Economics, vol. 21, 1, pp. 205–221.
OH H. (1999), Service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer value: a holistic perspective, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol 18, No 1, pp. 67–82.
OLIVEIRA P., PEREIRA P. T. (2008), Who Values What in a Tourism Destination? The Case of Madeira Island, Tourism Economics, vol. 14, 1: pp. 155–168.
OPPERMANN M. (1997), First-time and repeat visitors to New Zealand, Tourism Management, Vol 18, No 3, pp. 177–181.
OPPERMANN M. (1998), Destination threshold potential and the law of repeat visitation, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 37, No 2, pp. 131–137.
OPPERMANN M. (1999), Predicting Destination Choice: A Discussion of Destination Loyalty. Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol. 5, 51–65.
OPPERMANN M. (2000), Tourism destination loyalty, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 39, No 1, pp. 78–84.
PATUELLI R., NIJKAMP P. (2016), Travel motivations of seniors A review and a metaanalytical assessment, Tourism Economics, vol. 22, 4: pp. 847–862.
PETRICK J. F. (2004), Are loyal visitors desired visitors?, Tourism Management, Vol 25, No 4, pp. 463–470.
QUINTAL V., LEE J., SOUTAR G. (2010), Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behavior: A tourism example. Tourism Management, 31, 797–805.
RANDRIAMBOARISON R., RASOAMANAJARA F., SOLONANDRASANA B. (2013), Tourism Return Frequency Demand in Madagascar, Tourism Economics, vol. 19, 4: pp. 943–958.
SCOTT LONG J. S., ERVIN L. H. (1998), Correcting for Heteroscedasticity with Heteroscedasticity Consistent Standard Errors in the Linear Regression Model: Small
Sample Considerations, Working Paper, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, September 23, 5–6.
SPIGGLE S., SEWALL M. A. (1987), A choice sets model of retail selection, The Journal of Marketing, Vol 51, No 2, pp. 97–111.
TAYLOR S. A., BAKER T. L. (1994), An assessment of the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in the formation of customers’ purchase intentions’, Journal of Retailing, Vol 70, No 2, pp. 163–178.
UM S., CHON K., RO Y. (2006), Antecedents of revisit intention, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 33, No 4, pp. 1141–1158.
WEAVER P. A., MCCLEARY K. W., LAPISTO L., DAMONTE L. T. (1994), The relationship of destination selection attributes to psychological, behavioral and demographic variables, Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, Vol 2, No 2, pp. 93–109.
WEAVER P. A., WEBER K., MCCLEARY K. W. (2007), Destination evaluation: the role of previous travel experience and trip characteristics, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 45, No 3, pp. 333–344.
WHITE H. (1980), A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity. Econometrica, Vol. 48(4), 817–838.
YOON Y., UYSAL M. (2005), An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model, Tourism Management, Vol 26, No 1, pp. 45–56.
ZEITHAML V. A., BERRY L. L., PARASURAMAN A. (1996), The behavioral consequences of service quality, The Journal of Marketing, Vol 60, No 2, pp. 31–46.
ZHOU BO, YANG BI, LI HENGYUN, QU HAILIN (2016), The spillover effect of attractions Evidence from Eastern China, Tourism Economics.
Published
2017-07-21
How to Cite
MUNTEAN, Andreea Cipriana; DOBRA, Iulian Bogdan.
Considerations regarding relationship between tourists satisfaction and destination loyalty.
Progress in Economic Sciences, [S.l.], n. 4, july 2017.
ISSN 2391-5951.
Available at: <http://www.pes.pwsz.pila.pl/index.php/PES/article/view/132>. Date accessed: 03 apr. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14595/PES/04/030.
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Articles
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